$B%i%C%7%e1GA|$N<+F0MWLs(B

$BLn8}(B $B82;L(B

2008$BG/(B 2$B7n(B 7$BF|(B

1 $B$O$8$a$K(B

$BK\8&5f$G$O!$9q:]1GA|=hM}%o!<%/%7%g%C%W(BTRECVID$B$G(B2007$BG/$+$i;O$^$C$?(B $B1GA|<+F0MWLs%?%9%/!J(Brushes summarization$B!K$K$D$$$F1]$B$r;29M$K%7%g%C%HJ,3d$7$?1GA|$r?'!$F0$-!$4iFCD'$K4p$E$$$F%/%i%9%?%j%s%0$9$k$3$H(B $B$K$h$C$F!$1GA|MWLs$r

2 TRECVID$B$K$D$$$F(B

TRECVID$B$H$O1GA|%3!<%Q%9$rMQ$$$?>pJs8!:w$N$?$a$N6%Ah7?%o!<%/%7%g%C%W$GJF(B $B9q$N(BNIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)$B$Ne$G$"$k!%(B

TRECVID 2007$B$K$*$$$F0J2<$N(B4$B$D$N%?%9%/$,@_Dj$5$l$?!%(B

Shot boundary detection($B%7%g%C%H6-3&8!=P(B)
High-level feature extraction($B9b
Search($B8!:w(B)
Rushes summarization($B%i%C%7%e1GA|MWLs(B)

$BK\8&5f$G:#2s Rushes summarization$B$OM?$($i$l$?%i%C%7%e1GA|(B(MPEG-1)$B$r7h$a$i$l$?;~4V0J2<(B(2007$B$K$*$$$F$O(B4%$B0J2<(B)$B$K<+F0$GMW(B $BLs$9$k%?%9%/$G$"$k!%%i%C%7%e1GA|$H$OL$JT=8$N1GA|$N$3$H$G$"$j!$GPM%$N(BNG$B%7!<(B $B%s$J$I$N7+$jJV$7%7!<%s!$%+%a%i$,8GDj$5$l$F$$$FD9$$4VF0$-$,$J$$%7!<%s$r(B $B4^$s$G$$$k1GA|$N$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

$B$3$N%?%9%/$K$*$1$kI>2AJ}K!$O!$%F%-%9%H7A<0$N(Bground truth$B$H$N0lCWN($d!$%j%C%+!<(B $B%H<\EY$K$h$kMWLs$H$7$F$N8+0W$5$dL5BL$N>/$J$5$N$h$&$J2]$B!%(B

$B?^(B1$B!$(B2$B$O$=$l$>$l%i%C(B $B%7%e1GA|$N(B10$BIC$4$H$N%U%l!<%`$H

**$B?^(B 1:** $B%i%C%7%e1GA|$N(B10$BICKh$N%U%l!<%`(B
$\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{rush.eps}$

**$B?^(B 2:** $BMWLs1GA|$N(B10$BICKh$N%U%l!<%`(B
$\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{sum.eps}$

**$BI=(B 1:** Ground truth$B$NNc(B
Shot of trees
Woman towards camera, stops and talks
Woman turns around and walks down footpath

3 $B%"%k%4%j%:%`(B

$B$3$3$G$OK\%7%9%F%`$N%"%k%4%j%:%`$N35MW$K$D$$$F@bL@$9$k!%?^(B3$B$O%7%9%F%`$N35(B $BMW$rI=$7$F$$$k!%(B

$B:G=i$KM?$($i$l$?%S%G%*$r?'FCD'$r$b$H$KA08e$N%U%l!<%`$rHf3S$7!$?'%R%9%H(B $B%0%i%`$N:9J,$,ogCM0J2<$J$i%7%g%C(B $B%HJ,3d$9$k!%$^$?3F%7%g%C%H$N?'FCD'$+$i%/%i%9%?%j%s%0$r9T$$!$$=$l$>$l$N%/%i(B $B%9$+$i:G$bD9$$%7%g%C%H$rBeI=$H$7$FA*$s$G$$$/!%(B

$B$=$N:](B,$B%V%i%C%/%U%l!<%`$d!$%+%i!<%P!<$J$I$N%8%c%s%/%7%g%C%H$N8!=P$r%/(B $B%i%9C10L$G?'FCD'$rMQ$$$F9T$&!%(B

$B$3$N$h$&$K$7$FF@$i$l$?3F%/%i%9%?$NBeI=$+$i:#EY$O?'FCD'(B,$B4iFCD'(B,$BF0$->pJs$r(B $BCj=P$7$J$,$i!$3F%/(B $B%i%9%?$NBeI=$r$=$l$>$l0lICC10L$KJ,3d$9$k!%$?$@$7$3$N:]$K(BLucas-Kanade$BK!(B[3]$B$G(B $B%*%W%F%#%+%k%U%m!<$r7W;;$7$F!$$"$k0lDj0J>e$NF0$-$,$"$C$?>l9g$K$=$l$O0lO"(B $B$NF0:n$NESCf$G$"$k$H9M$(!$F0$-$,0lDj0J2<$K$J$k$^$GJ,3d$r9T$o$J$$$h$&$K$9(B $B$k!%(B

$B$3$l$K$h$j(BCMU$B$N1]$B$K$*$$$F$O%+%a%i%b!<%7%g%s$N$_$N6/D4$G$"$C$?$,!$K\8&5f$G$O(B $BF0:n$b6/D4$G$-$k$h$&$K$9$k!%(B

$B$=$N0lICKh$KJ,$1$i$l$?%S%G%*$KBP$7$F?'FCD'$r85$K%*%j%8%J%k%S%G%*$N(B4%$B0J(B $B2<$K$J$k$h$&$K(Bk$B$NCM$r@_Dj$7$F!$(Bk-means$B%"%k%4%j%:%`$G%/%i%9%?%j%s%0$7$F$$(B $B$/!%(B

$B3F%/%i%9%?$NBeI=$O!$$G$-$k$@$1F0$-$,$"$k$b$N!$?M$,1G$C$F$$$k$b$N$,$[$7$$$N(B $B$G!$F0$->pJs$H4i>pJs$rMQ$$$F%/%i%9%?$NBeI=$r7hDj$9$k!%3F%/%i%9%?$NBeI=$r(B $B;~4V=g$K$D$J$.$"$o$;$F!$MWLs1GA|$H$9$k!%(B

**$B?^(B 3:** $B%"%k%4%j%:%`35MW(B
$\includegraphics[width=0.69\textwidth]{flow.eps}$

4 $BFCD'NL(B

$BK\>O$G$O%7%g%C%H$rI=$9FCD'NL$N;;=PJ}K!$K$D$$$F@bL@$9$k!%(B

4.1 $B0LCV>pJsIU%+%i!<%R%9%H%0%i%`(B

$B?'FCD'$H$7$F$O(B $3 \times 3$ $B$KJ,3d$7$?2hA|$N(BRGB$B%+%i!<%R%9%H%0%i%`$r;HMQ$9$k!%(B $B3F%7%g%C%H$N?'FCD'(BC$B$O<0(B(1)$B$GDj5A$9$k!%(B

$\displaystyle C =\frac{1}{F} \sum^F_{i=2}\sum^3_{x=1}\sum^3_{y=1}\sum^{64}_{k=0} H_{i_{{xy}_k}} +H_{i-1_{{xy}_k}}$

(1)

$B$?$@$7(BF$B$O%7%g%C%HCf$K4^$^$l$k%U%l!<%`$N?t$r!$(B $H_{i_{{xy}_k}}$ $B$O%7%g%C%HCf$N(Bi $BHVL\$N%U%l!<%`$N3J;R(B(x,y)$B$N%R%9%H%0%i%`$N(Bk$BHVL\$NMWAG$G$"$k$3$H$r<($7$F$$$k!%(B

4.2 $BF0$->pJs(B

Lucas-Kanade$BK!(B[3]$B$K$h$C$FO"B3$9$k%U%l!<%`4V$N%*%W%F%#%+%k%U%m!<$r7W;;$9$k!%(B 2$B$D$N%U%l!<%`4V$K$*$1$kF0$->pJs(B $M_{i}$ $B$O<0(B(2)$B$GDj5A$9$k!%(B

$\displaystyle M_{i}= \frac{1}{N}\sum^{N}_{k=1}(x_{k,i}-x_{k,i+1})^2+(y_{k,i}-y_{k,i+1})^2$

(2)

$B$?$@$7(BN$B$O8+$D$+$C$?A4$F$N%*%W%F%#%+%k%U%m!<$N8D?t$r!$(Bx$B!$(By$B$O$=$l$>$l$N:B(B $BI8$rI=$7$F$$$k!%Nc$($P(B $x_{k,i}$ $B$O!$(Bi$BHVL\$N%U%l!<%`$N(Bk$B8D$a$N%U%m!<$N(Bx$B:BI8(B $B$rI=$9$b$N$G$"$k!%(B

$B$=$7$F%7%g%C%H$H$7$F$NF0$->pJs!$(BALL_M$B$O<0(B(3)$B$GDj5A$5$l$k!%(B

$\displaystyle ALL\_M= \frac{1}{F-1}\sum^{F}_{k=1}M_{k}$

(3)

$B$?$@$7(BF$B$O%S%G%*$K4^$^$l$kA4$F$N%U%l!<%`$N?t$G$"$k!%(B

4.3 $B4iFCD'(B

$B4i$NG'<1$O(BOpenCV[4]$B$N4i2hA|8!=P%W%m%0%i%`%k!<%A%s$rMxMQ$9$k!%$^$?4i$,8!=P$5(B $B$l$?$b$N$K$O!$=E$_(BW($Bl9g(BW=1$B$G$"(B $B$k!%(Bk-means$B$G%/%i%9%?%j%s%0$7$?$"$H$K3F%/%i%9%?$NBeI=$r

$\displaystyle RE = ALL\_M \times W$

(4)

5 $B

$BFCD'NL$,?'$N$_(B
$BFCD'NL$,?'(B+$BF0$-(B
$BFCD'NL$,?'(B+$BF0$-(B+$B4i(B

$B 5.1 $B $B.(B11$BJ,!$J?6QCM(B $B$OLs(B21$BJ,$G$"$C$?(B.

5.2 $BI>2A4p=`(B

$BK\8&5f$G$ODs0F%7%9%F%`$NI>2A4p=`$H$7$F(BTRECVID$B$NI>2AJ}K!$NCf$+$i(B3$B$D$NI>2A4p=`$rMQ$$(B $B$?!%0l$D$a$O$=$N%S%G%*$KBP$9$k(Bground truth$B$,$I$l$@$1$N3d9g$G4^$^$l$F$$$k$+(B $B$rI=$9(BIN$BCM!$(B2$B$D$a$O%*%j%8%J%k%S%G%*$KBP$7$F2?%Q!<%;(B $B%s%H$NMWLs$K$J$C$F$$$k$+$r<($9(BDU$BCM!$(B3$B$D$a$,%7%9%F%`$N

5.3 $B

$B7k2L$OI=(B2$B!$(B3$B!$(B4$B!$$G<($9$h$&$K$J$C$?!%$?$@$7MQ$$$?%^%7%s$O(BPentium D 3.2GHz$B$G$"$k!%(B

**$BI=(B 2:** $B?'>pJs(B
	$B;~4V(B[s]	IN	DU[%]	SYS[s]
rush01	2189	0.49	3.9	1488
rush02	2037	0.53	3.8	1386
rush03	721	0.61	3.7	613
rush04	738	0.38	10.4	1347
rush05	1951	0.63	3.8	1327
rush06	693	0.46	10.8	1348
rush07	743	0.62	3.7	525
rush08	767	0.42	9.5	1219
rush09	1702	0.66	3.8	1014
$BJ?6Q(B	1282	0.50	5.0	1141

**$BI=(B 3:** $B?'>pJs(B+$BF0$->pJs(B
	$B;~4V(B[s]	IN	DU[%]	SYS[s]
rush01	2189	0.53	3.5	1999
rush02	2037	0.62	3.6	1608
rush03	721	0.46	3.7	864
rush04	738	0.50	7.7	1549
rush05	1951	0.60	3.5	1590
rush06	693	0.84	10.8	1719
rush07	743	0.75	3.7	657
rush08	767	0.36	5.4	1316
rush09	1702	0.66	3.6	1118
$BJ?6Q(B	1282	0.55	4.4	1338

**$BI=(B 4:** $B?'>pJs(B+$BF0$->pJs(B+$B4i>pJs(B
	$B;~4V(B[s]	IN	DU[%]	SYS[s]
rush01	2189	0.62	3.6	2051
rush02	2037	0.60	3.3	1766
rush03	721	0.52	3.7	856
rush04	738	0.56	7.8	1540
rush05	1951	0.63	3.5	1590
rush06	693	0.76	10.8	1735
rush07	743	0.75	3.7	663
rush08	767	0.42	5.2	1298
rush09	1702	0.75	3.8	1308
$BJ?6Q(B	1282	0.60	4.3	1357

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$Bl9g!$:G9b$N%A!<%`$,(B0.70$B!$Cf4V$N%A!<%`$,(B0.47$B$G$"$C$?$N$G!$K\%7%9%F%`$N(B0.60$B$ONI$$7k2L$K$J$C$?$H$$$($k!%$7$+$7(BDU$BCM$G$O$I$N;22C

6 $B9M;!(B

$BpJs$rCj=P(B $B$9$k:n6H$,%7%g%C%H8!=P$H(Bk-means$B$NFCD'$H$G=EJ#$7$F$$$k$3$H$G$"$k!%(B

$BFs$DL\$H$7$F$O!$MWLs$H$7$F8+Fq$/$J$C$F$$$k!%0lICKh$K>lLL$,@Z$jBX(B $B$o$C$F$7$^$&$N$G!$8+$F$$$kB&$bM}2r$9$k$3$H$,BgJQ$K$J$C$F$$$k!%(B

$B$^$?(BIN$BCM$K$*$$$F!$(Bground truth$B$NFbMF$,(B''Shot of tree''$B$N$h$&$J$b$N$O@:EY$,(B $BHf3SE*9b$+$C$?$,!$(B''Woman exit left''$B$N$h$&$JFbMF$N$H$-!$:8$K9T$/ESCf$GlLL$K@Z$jBX$o$C$F$7$^$&ItJ,$,B?$+$C$?!%$3$l$OF0$->pJs$,IT40A4$G$"$k$3(B $B$H$r<($7$F$$$k!%$3$N$3$H$OF0$->pJs$rlLL$,B?$/8+$i$l$?!%(B

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7 $B$*$o$j$K(B

$BK\8&5f$G$O(BTRECVID$B$N%i%C%7%e1GA|MWLs%?%9%/$K$D$$$FpJs$r$b$H$K%/%i%9%?%j%s%0$5$l$?%7%g%C%H$r!$F0$-!$4i>pJs$rMQ$$$F=E$_$E$1$7!$$=$N=E$_$+$iBeI=%7%g%C%H$rA*$S;~4V=g$K$D$J$.$"$o$;$k $B$=$N7k2L$H$7$F!$F0$-!$4i>pJs$rMQ$$$k$3$H$O%7%9%F%`$N@:EY$r8~>e$5$;$k$3$H$,J,$+$C$?!%$^$?(BIN$BCM$K4X$7$F$O(BTRECVID$B;22C $B:#8e$N2]Bj$H$7$F!$%/%i%C%Q!<%\!<%I$N$h$&$J%8%c%s%/%7%g%C%H$N8!=P$rpJs$N2~NI$J$I$N!$FCD'NL$N2~NI!$2;>pJs$J$I$N8=:_L$;HMQ(B $B$NFCD'NL$NDI2C$,5s$2$i$l$k!%(B

$BJ88%L\O?(B

1: A. Hauptmann, M. Christel, W. Lin, B. Maher, J. Yang, R. Baron, and G. Xiang.
Clever clustering vs. simple speed-up for summarizing rushes.
In Proc. of the international workshop on TRECVID video summarization, pp. 20-24, 2007.
2: P. Over, A. Smeaton, and P. Kelly.
The trecvid 2007 bbc rushes summarization evaluation pilot.
In Proc. of the international workshop on TRECVID video summarization, pp. 1-15, 2007.
3: A. Hauptmann, M. Christel, W. Lin, B. Maher, J. Yang, R. Baron, and G. Xiang.
Clever clustering vs. simple speed-up for summarizing rushes.
In Proc. of the international workshop on TRECVID video summarization, pp. 20-24, 2007.
4: D. Le and S. Satoh.
National institute of informatics, japan at trecvid 2007: Bbc rushes summarization.
In Proc. of the international workshop on TRECVID video summarization, pp. 70-73, 2007.

YANAI Lab.

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